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Environmental Engineering

Environmental Engineering for GATE Civil Engineering, one topic per lesson: the theory in plain words, the formulas, a solved example, and GATE-style questions (MCQ, MSQ and NAT) whose numerical answers are recomputed by a program when the site is built.

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1Water Supply

  1. Water Demand, Population Forecasting and Water QualityPer capita demand and peak factors, population forecasting methods, physical, chemical and biological water quality parameters, hardness, alkalinity, pH and drinking water standards.
  2. Water Treatment: Settling, Filtration, DisinfectionPlain sedimentation and Stokes' law, overflow rate and detention time, coagulation and flocculation with velocity gradient, slow and rapid sand filters, softening and chlorination.

2Wastewater

  1. Wastewater Characteristics, BOD and Sewer DesignSewage quantity, BOD and its kinetics, COD, solids, population equivalent, self-cleansing velocity, sewer design, and stream self-purification with the oxygen sag curve.
  2. Sewage Treatment: Activated Sludge, Trickling FilterPrimary and secondary treatment, activated sludge process parameters (F/M ratio, MLSS, SRT, SVI, sludge recirculation), trickling filters (NRC equation), oxidation ponds and sludge digestion.

3Air and Solid Waste

  1. Air Pollution, Noise and Solid Waste ManagementAir pollutants and their sources, units ppm and µg/m³, lapse rate and atmospheric stability, plume behaviour, particulate control devices, noise levels in decibels, and municipal solid waste management.