Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic Waves for GATE Electronics and Communication Engineering, one topic per lesson: the theory in plain words, the formulas, a solved example, and GATE-style questions (MCQ, MSQ and NAT) whose numerical answers are recomputed by a program when the site is built.

Start the first lesson

1Waves

Plane Waves, Reflection and Skin EffectWave equation, uniform plane waves in lossless and lossy media, intrinsic impedance, polarisation, skin depth, Poynting vector, reflection at normal and oblique incidence, Brewster and critical angles.

2Transmission Lines

Transmission Lines and the Smith ChartLine parameters and characteristic impedance, reflection coefficient and VSWR, input impedance, quarter-wave and half-wave lines, short and open stubs, impedance matching and the Smith chart.

3Waveguides and Antennas

Waveguides and AntennasRectangular waveguide TE and TM modes, cutoff frequency, dominant TE10 mode, guide wavelength and phase and group velocity, antenna parameters, dipoles, arrays and the Friis transmission equation.